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áabe
book
bem
to choose; as a noun: choosing; choice {AB}
bil
to be fun
bom
household oil
deheni
meat
demáazh
tractor [mazh (automobile)]
dimóowa
stove [dim (container) + óowa (fire)]
–din
–bin
–in
Suffix (various): “Process of.” Morpheme with 3 forms; default form: –din.
• When it follows a consonant the “d” drops away, leaving –in.
• When it follows a vowel (or vowel pair) that occurs after “b” or “m” or “w,” the “d” changes to “b,” giving –bin.
• In all other environments, the default form, –din, is retained.
dórawulúd
to repair; to mend; to cause to be unbroken [dó– (CAUSEto) +
duth
to use
edeni
bean
emahiná
chef
hathóoletham
year [hath (time) + óol (moon) = hathóol (month) + tham (circle)] literally “circle of months”
hohal
workplace; office [hoth (place) + hal (work)]
iliwush
mop [ili (water) + wush (broom)]
laheb
spice
máan
salt
óob
oven
óowathon
pepper [óowa (fire) + thon (seed)] {AB}
shel
to be rigorous
shi
to please
thesh
herb
thibeb
cooking implement
thod
to write
thodi
writing implement. Informal form for “dalelethodewan” [dalel (made-thing) + thod (write) +
wush
broom [onomatopoeia]
yam
baking dish
The new suffix
The etymology of “dórawulúd” (repair) references or suggests three more words: “wulúd” (be broken) [wud (part, as of a machine)], “dówulúd” (to break; cause to be broken), and “rawulúd” (be unbroken). Of course, either of the non-negated “wulúd” forms can be rendered with the pejorative
The etymology of “emahiná” (chef) also suggests “emahin” (cookery science)
In the definition for “hathóoletham” (year), we see “hathóol” (month) [hath (time) + óol (moon)].
In the etymology for “óowathon” (pepper), we see “óowa” (fire) [owa (be warm)].
My Work
2My mother’s work is cleaning. She cleans many families’ houses. She also cleans workplaces. She uses brooms, mops, and cloths. She must be rigorous because peoples’ health might be in danger. The work is not fun, but it’s good work.
3My father is a teacher. He teaches using books, writing implements, and paper. He also uses games; he tries to make learning fun because it is very important.
4My brother repairs automobiles and tractors using many tools and skills. If he does his work well, many people can come and go safely.
5My aunt is a chef. She cooks using many cooking implements, cooking pots, and baking dishes. She also uses refrigerators, stoves, and ovens. She cooks meat, beans, vegetables, and fruit using oil, spices, herbs, sugar, salt, and pepper. She really likes to create new foods; she often uses cheese.
6I’m sixteen, and I must now choose what my work will be.
My Work
Hal Letho
Hal
Work
Letho
I + POSS
My Work
2My mother’s work is cleaning. She cleans many families’ houses. She also cleans workplaces. She uses brooms, mops, and cloths. She must be rigorous because peoples’ health might be in danger. The work is not fun, but it’s necessary work.
2Bíi ril hal thulizhetho letha dóhéthem wa. Éthe ba belid onidathoth menedebe. Éthe ba hohaleth íi. Duth ba wusheth, iliwusheth, i odeth. Dush shel ba beróo rilrili merayom lam withetha. Bil ra hal, izh be wothem wohalem.
2Bíi
DECL
ril
PRES
hal
Work
thulizhetho
Parent + FEM = Mother + POSS
letha
I + POSSbirth
dóhéthem
CAUSEto + BeClean + IDENT
wa.
MYPERC
Éthe
BeClean
ba
XLove1
belid
House
onidathoth
Family + POSS + OBJ
menedebe.
#>5
Éthe
BeClean
ba
XLove1
hohaleth
WorkPlace + OBJ
íi.
Also
Duth
Use
ba
XLove1
wusheth,
Broom + OBJ
iliwusheth,
Water + Broom = Mop + OBJ
i
And
odeth.
Cloth + OBJ
Dush
Must
shel
BeRigorous
ba
XLove1
beróo
Because
rilrili
HYPOTH
merayom
PL + NON + BeSafe
lam
Health
withetha.
Person + POSSbirth
Bil
BeFun
ra
NEG
hal,
Work
izh
But
be
X1
wothem
REL + Need
wohalem.
REL + Work + IDENT
2My mother’s work is cleaning. Beloved-she cleans many family’s houses. Beloved-she cleans workplaces also. Beloved-she uses a broom and a mop and a cloth. Beloved-she must be rigorous because a person’s health might be unsafe. The work is not fun, but it’s needed work.
3My father is a teacher. He teaches using books, writing implements, and paper. He also uses games; he tries to make learning fun because it is very important.
3Bíi ril thulid letha omám wa. Om bi áabenan, thodinan, i melenan. Duth bi shidath íi; dudóbil bi bedi beróo othehul be.
3Bíi
DECL
ril
PRES
thulid
Parent + MASC
letha
I + POSSbirth
omám
Teach + DOER = Teacher + IDENT
wa.
MYPERC
Om
Teach
bi
XHon1
áabenan,
Book + INSTR
thodinan,
WritingImplement + INSTR
i
And
melenan.
Paper + INSTR
Duth
Use
bi
XHon1
shidath
Game + OBJ
íi;
Also
dudóbil
TRYto + CAUSEto + BeFun
bi
XHon1
bedi
Learn
beróo
Because
othehul
BeImportant + DEGextreme
be.
X1
3My father is a teacher. honored-he teaches with books, writing implements, and papers. honored-he uses games, also; honored-he tries to cause learning to be fun because it’s extremely important.
4My brother repairs automobiles and tractors using many tools and skills. If he does his work well, many people can come and go safely.
4Bíi ril dórawulúd henahid letha mazheth i demáazheth edenan i olothenan menedebe wa. Bere hal ba thalenal, ébere methad mesháad with menedebe yomenal.
4Bíi
DECL
ril
PRES
dórawulúd
CAUSEto + NON + BeBroken = Repair
henahid
BirthSib + MASC
letha
I + POSSbirth
mazheth
Car + OBJ
i
And
demáazheth
Tractor + OBJ
edenan
Tool + INSTR
i
And
olothenan
Skill + INSTR
menedebe
#>5
wa.
MYPERC
Bere
If…
hal
Work
ba
XLove1
thalenal,
BeGood + MANN
ébere
…Then
methad
PL + BeAble
mesháad
PL + ComeGo
with
Person
menedebe
#>5
yomenal.
BeSafe + MANN
4My brother causes cars and tractors to be unbroken with many tools and skills. If beloved-he works well, many people can come/go safely.
5My aunt is a chef. She cooks using many cooking implements, cooking pots, and baking dishes. She also uses refrigerators, stoves, and ovens. She cooks meat, beans, vegetables, and fruit using oil, spices, herbs, sugar, salt, and pepper. She really likes to create new foods; she often uses cheese.
5Bíi ril berídanizh letha emahinám wa. Mahinin bi thibebenan, mahinenan, i yamenan menedebe. Duth bi nithedimeth, dimóowath, i óobeth íi. Mahinin bi dehenith, edenith, medath, i yuth bomenan, lahebenan, theshenan, meénenan, máanenan, i óowathonenan. Shiháalish el mewobun wohanathu bith; duth bi ódoneth hath menedebe.
5Bíi
DECL
ril
PRES
berídanizh
AuntUncle + FEM = Aunt
letha
I + POSSbirth
emahinám
SCIof + CookPot + DOER + IDENT
wa.
MYPERC
Mahinin
CookPot + PROCof = Cook
bi
XHon1
thibebenan,
CookImplement + INSTR
mahinenan,
CookPot + INSTR
i
And
yamenan
BakeDish + INSTR
menedebe.
#>5
Duth
Use
bi
XHon1
nithedimeth,
Refrigerator + OBJ
dimóowath,
Stove + OBJ
i
And
óobeth
Oven + OBJ
íi.
Also
Mahinin
Cook
bi
XHon1
dehenith,
Meat + OBJ
edenith,
Bean + OBJ
medath,
Vegetable + OBJ
i
And
yuth
Fruit + OBJ
bomenan,
Oil + INSTR
lahebenan,
Spice + INSTR
theshenan,
Herb + INSTR
meénenan,
Sugar + INSTR
máanenan,
Salt + INSTR
i
And
óowathonenan.
Fire + Seed = Pepper + INSTR
Shiháalish
ToPlease + DEGextraord
el
Make
mewobun
PL + REL + BeNew
wohanathu
REL + Food + PARTV
bith;
XHon1 + OBJ
duth
Use
bi
XHon1
ódoneth
Cheese + OBJ
hath
menedebe.
Time
#>5
Often
5My aunt is a chef. Honored-she cooks using many cooking implements, cooking pots, and baking dishes. Honored-she also uses a refrigerator, a stove, and an oven. Honored-she cooks meat, beans, vegetables, and fruit using oil, spices, herbs, sugar, salt, and pepper. Creating new foods pleases honored-her to an extraordinary degree; she often uses cheese.
6I’m sixteen, and I must now choose what my work will be.
6Bíi ril ham láad le hathóoletham bathethab, i ril dush bem úmú aril hal letho wa.
6Bíi
DECL
ril
PRES
ham
láad
le
hathóoletham
bathethab,
BePresent
Perceive
I
Time + Moon = Month + Circle = Year
#6 + #10 = #16
I Am 16 Years Old
i
And
ril
PRES
dush
Must
bem
Choose
úmú
CONJident
aril
FUT
hal
Work
letho
I + POSS
wa.
MYPERC
6I am now 16 years old, and I must choose what will be my work.
2Bíi ril hal thulizhetho letha dóhéthem wa. Éthe ba belid onidathoth menedebe. Éthe ba hohaleth íi. Duth ba wusheth, iliwusheth, i odeth. Dush shel ba beróo rilrili merayom lam withetha. Bil ra hal, izh be wothem wohalem.
3Bíi ril thulid letha omám wa. Om bi áabenan, thodinan, i melenan. Duth bi shidath íi; dudóbil bi bedi beróo othehul be.
4Bíi ril dórawulúd henahid letha mazheth i demáazheth edenan i oloth menedebe wa. Bere hal ba thalenal, ébere methad mesháad with menedebe yomenal.
5Bíi ril berídanizh letha emahinám wa. Mahinin bi thibebenan, mahinenan, i yamenan menedebe. Duth bi nithedimeth, dimóowath, i óobeth íi. Mahinin bi dehenith, edenith, medath, i yuth bomenan, lahebenan, theshenan, meénenan, máanenan, i óowathonenan. Shiháalish el mewobun wohanathu bith; duth bi ódoneth hath menedebe.
6Bíi ril ham láad le hathóoletham bathethab, i ril dush bem úmú aril hal letho wa.
In the last sentence of the penultimate paragraph, the verb “shi” (to please) also covers the meaning “to enjoy.” To elicit this sense of the word, we simply have to consider that “we enjoy” that which “pleases us.” The Subject of a sentence using this verb will be the thing which pleases (in this case, “el mewobun wohanathu”—the making of new foods). The Object will be the one who is pleased (in this case, “bith”—honored-she).
Included here are two idioms we have not seen before:
The first: “ham láad S T #” (S is # Ts old) where S is the Subject, T is a unit of time (the Object), and # is a number or quantifier.
The second: “hath menedebe” (often) [hath (time) + menedebe (#>5)]. This idiom also suggests another: “hath nedebe” (seldom) [hath (time) + nedebe (#2-5)].
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